When
a tornado is coming. you have very little time to make life‑or‑death
decisions. Advance planning and quick response are the keys to surviving a
tornado.
TORNADO
FACTS
A tornado is a violently rotating column
of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.
Tornadoes are capable of destroying
homes and vehicles and can cause fatalities.
Tornadoes may appear nearly transparent
until dust and. debris are picked up or a cloud forms in the funnel The
average tornado moves SW to NE but have been known to move in any
direction.
The average forward speed is 30 mph but
may very from stationary to 70 mph and have rotating winds in excess of
250 mph.
Tornadoes can accompany tropical storms
and hurricanes as they move onto land.
Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over
water.
WHERE and WHEN
Tornadoes can occur at any time of the
year.
Tornadoes have occurred in every state.
but they are most frequent east of the Rocky Mountains during spring and
summer months.
In the southern states. peak tornado
occurrence is March through May, while peak months in the northern
states are during the late spring and early summer.
Tornadoes are most likely to occur
between 3 and 9 pm. but can happen at any time.
HOW TO PREPARE
Develop a plan far you and your family
at home, work, school and when outdoors. The Federal Emergency
Management Agency offers planning tips on its Internet site
www.fema.gov.
Identify a safe place to take shelter.
Information on how to build a "Safe Room” in your home or school is
available from the Federal Emergency Management Agency at www.fema.gov/mit/saferoom.
Conduct frequent tornado drills each
tornado season.
Keep a highway map nearby to follow
storm movement from weather bulletins.
Have a NOAH Weather Radio with a warning
alarm tone and battery backup to receive watches and warnings.
NWT watches and warnings are also
available on the Internet Go to the NWS Home Page: www.nws.noaa.govfor
services or: www.weather.gov
for weather and forecasts.
Listen to radio aid television for
weather information
Check the weather forecast before
leaving for extended periods outdoors. Watch for signs of approaching
storms.
If severe weather threatens. check on
people who are elderly. very young, or physically or mentally disabled.
Practice having everyone in your family
go to your designated safe place in response to a tornado threat.
Contact your local emergency management
office and NOAA for more information on tornadoes.
Develop a Communications Plan
Pick two places to meet: a spot outside
your home for an emergency and a place away from your neighborhood in
case you can't return home.
Choosean out‑of:‑stale friend as
your "family" check‑in contact" for everyone to call if the family gets
separated . Discuss what you would do if advised to evacuate.
Prepare a Disaster Supply Kit
A 3‑day supply of water (one gallon per
person per day) and food that won't spoil
One change of clothing and footwear per
person.
One blanket or sleeping bag per person
A first aid kit including prescription
medic.
Emergency tools, including a battery
powered NOAH Weather Radio and portable radio, flashlight and extra
batteries
An extra set of car keys and a credit
card or cash.
Special items for infant, elderly, or
disabled family members.
Copies of ID cards a driver's licenses
for all family members.
Tornado
Watches and Warnings
The National Weather
Service issues a tornado watch when tornadoes are possible in your area.
Remain alert for approaching storms. The Is the time to remind family
members where the safest places within your home are located and listen to
the radio or television to further developments.
A tornado warning is
issued, by NWS, when a tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather
radar. if a tornado warning is issued for your area and the sky becomes
threatening, move to your pre‑designated place of safety. Turn on a
battery‑operated radio and wait for further instructions.
TORNADO DANGER SIGNS
Occasionally,
tornadoes develop so rapidly that advance warning is not possible.
Look out for:
·Dark. often
greenish sky
·large hail
·Wall cloud
·Loud roar, similar
to a freight train
Caution:
Some tornadoes are dearly visible, while
rain or nearby low‑hanging clouds
obscure others
Before a tornado hits. the wind may die
down and the air may become very still
A cloud of debris cars mark the
locations of a tornado even if a funnel is not visible.
Tornadoes generally occur near the
trailing edge of a thunderstorm. It is not uncommon to see clear, sunlit
skies behind a tornado.
SAFETY RULES DURING A TORNADO
Do not get under an overpass or bridge.
you are safer in a low, flat location.
In a home or building, move to a
Predestinated shelter, such as a basement (under a sturdy piece of
furniture) or a Safe Room.
If an underground shelter Is not
available, move to a small interior room or hallway on the lowest floor
and get under a sturdy piece of furniture. Put as many walls as possible
between you and the outside.
Stay away from windows. Go to the center
of the room. Stay away from the corners because they attract debris.
Get out of automobiles immediately and
seek shelter in a nearby building. If a building is unavailable or there
is no time, get out of the car and lie in a ditch or low‑ lying area
away from the car. Be aware of potential flooding. In urban or congested
areas, never try to outrun a tornado in a ca or truck. Instead, leave
it immediately for sale shelter. Tornadoes can change direction quickly
and can lift up a car or truck and loss it in the air.
If caught outside, lie flat in a nearby
ditch or depression and cover your head with your hands. Be aware d
potential for flooding.
Be aware of flying debris. Flying debris
from tornadoes causes most fatalities and injures.
Mobile homes, even if tied down, offer
little protection from tornadoes. You shouldleave a mobile home
and go to the lowest floor of a sturdy nearby building or a storm
shelter.
Avoid places with wide‑span roofs such
as auditoriums, cafeterias large hallways, or shopping malls.
Do not open windows, use time to seek
shelter.
Use arms to protect head and neck.
AFTER
THE TORNADO
Help injured or trapped persons. Give
first aid when appropriate. Don’t try to move the seriously Injured
unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. Call for help.
Stay out of damaged buildings. Return
home when authorities say it Is sale.
Turn onradio or television to get
the latest emergency Information. Use the phone only for emergency
calls.
Clean up spilled flammable
liquids immediately. Leave the building if you smell gas or chemical
fumes.
Take pictures of the damage ‑ both the
house and contents ‑ for insurance purposes.
Inspect
Utilities In a Damaged Home
Check for gas
leaks‑If you smell gasor hear a blowing a hissing
noise. open a window and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas at the
outside main valve if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor’s
home. If you turn off the gas, a professional must turn it back on.
Look for
electrical damage ‑
If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell hot
insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit
breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit
breaker, call an electrician for advice.
Check for
:sewage and water line damage: If you suspect sewage lines are damaged,
avoid using the toilets and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged,
contact the water company and avoid using water from the tap. Melt ice cubes
for safe water.
Mitigation
Mitigation includes any actives that prevent an emergency. reduce the chance
of an emergency happening, or lessen the effects of unavoidable emergencies.
Investing in preventative mitigation steps now, such as building a Sale
Room. checking local building Codes and ordinances about wind
resident‑designs and strengthening unreinforced masonry, will help reduce
the impact of tornadoes in the future.
You
can print or download copies of FEMA publications from http://www.fema.gov/.Order printed copies from FEMA's
Distribution Center (800‑480-2520). For To request your free copy of "Taking
Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House" (FEMA 320),
call 1-888-565-3896. The manual is divided into 3 sections:
Understanding the Hazards of Wind, Planning Your Shelter, and Building your
Shelter.
The first thing men look for in a potential victim is
hairstyle. They are most likely to go after a woman with a
ponytail, bun, braid or other hairstyle that can easily be
grabbed.
They are also likely to go after a woman with long hair.
Women with short hair are not common targets.
The second
thing men look for is clothing, They will look for women who's
clothing Is easy to remove quickly. Many of them carry scissors
around to cut clothing.
They
also look for women on their cell phone, searching through
their purse or doing other activities white walking because
they are off guard and can be easily overpowered.
The
time of day men are must likely to attack and rape a woman
is in the early morning, between 5 and 8:30 a.m.
The
number one place women are abducted frorn/attacked at is
grocery store parking lots.
Number two is office parking lots/garages.
Number three is public restrooms.
The
thing about these men is that they are looking to grab a
woman and quickly move her to a second location where they
don't have to worry about getting caught
Only
2% said they carried weapons because rape carries a 3‑5 year
sentence but rape with a weapon is 15‑20 years.
If
you put up any kind of a fight at all, they get discouraged
because it only takes a minute or two for them to realize
that going after you isn't worth it because it will be
time‑consuming.
These
men said they would not pick on women who have umbrellas, or
other similar objects that can be used from a distance, in
their hands. Keys are not a deterrent because you have to
get really close to the attacker to use them as a weapon.
So, the idea is to convince these guys you're not worth it.
Several defense mechanisms he taught us are: If someone is
following behind you on a street or in a garage or with you
in an elevator or stairwell, look them in the face and ask
them a question, like what time is it, or make general small
talk, I can't believe it is so cold out here, we're in for a
bad winter. Now you've seen their face and could identify
them in a lineup, you lose appeal as a target.
If
someone is coming toward you, hold out your hands in front
of you and yell Stop or Stay back! Most of the
rapists this man talked to said they'd leave a woman atone
if she yelled or showed that she would not be afraid to
fight back. Again, they are looking for an EASY target.
If
you carry pepper spray (this instructor was a huge advocate
of it and carries it with him wherever he goes), yelling
"I HAVE PEPPER SPRAY" and holding it out will be a
deterrent.
If
someone grabs you, you can't beat them with strength but you
can by outsmarting them. If you are grabbed around the waist
from behind, pinch the attacker either under the arm between
the elbow and armpit or in the upper inner thigh ‑ HARD. One
woman in a class this guy taught told him she used the
underarm pinch on a guy who was trying to date rape her and
was so upset she broke through the skin and tore out muscle
strands the guy needed stitches‑ Try pinching yourself in
those places as hard as you can stand it; it hurts.
After
the initial hit, always go for the groin. ! know from a
particularly unfortunate experience that if you slap a guy's
parts it is extremely painful. You might think that you'll
anger the guy and make him want to hurt you more, but the
thing these rapists told our instructor is that they want a
woman who will not cause a lot of trouble.